(Al 'Arif). The knower (of Allah). He is the complete and perfect man. The 'arif has been given Divine Knowledge (ma'rifa), and 'Ma'rifa is a light which Allah casts into the heart of whomsoever He Wills'. All is a gift from Allah. The Knower is the Aware one, the Wise one. He has penetrated into the mystery of the paradoxical relationship between the One and the Many, between Allah and His creation. His Lord causes the Knower to witness his own self, so that spiritual states are manifested to him. The knower who is also a Lover is the most perfect of human beings.